The third order effect for the electromagnetic wave in the frame moving transverse to the wave
نویسنده
چکیده
It is considered the electromagnetic wave in the frame moving transverse to the wave. Due to the velocity of the frame with respect to a preferred reference frame the oscillations of phase arise. The oscillations of phase yield the third order effect which can be seen in the Michelson-Morley experiment. The effect due to the velocity of the earth with respect to CMB is in agreement with the anisotropy determined in the Michelson-Morley experiment. Consider the plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave. Let the wave vector k be directed along the axis x, the electric field E along the axis y, the magnetic field H along the axis z. Suppose that the invariance of the velocity of light holds true. Let the emitter and receiver of the electromagnetic wave be situated in the frame moving with the velocity v with respect to a preferred reference frame. We shall take the frame of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) as a preferred reference frame. Let, the velocity v be transverse to the electromagnetic wave, e.g. the velocity v be in the z direction. Due to the velocity of the frame an additional magnetic field in the x direction arises ∆Hx = − v c Ey. (1) This means the first order phase oscillations ωt− kr ∝ 1− v c cos(ωt− kr). (2) The first order effect average for the period is equal to zero. The magnetic field ∆Hx produces an additional electric field in the y direction ∆Ey = v c ∆Hx = v cc Ey (3) where c∗ = c[1− v c cos(ωt− kr)] (4) is the effective velocity of light given by the first order effect. This means the second order phase oscillations ωt− kr ∝ 1− v cc cos(ωt− kr). (5) Due to the effective velocity of light the second order phase oscillations yield the third order effect average for the period v/2c. An observer can detect such a phase shift of the third order with the Michelson-Morley interferometer.
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